Heating bed

Heated working surface of an FDM printer that minimizes deformation in the production of 3D objects. The “warping” occurs due to unevenly distributed inherent stresses in the filament, which in turn result from the different cooling rates and temperatures of the individual layers. Heating beds regulate the cooling rate by counteracting large temperature differences. The warping effect can be observed especially with components made of ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) and HIPS (high impact polystyrene) filaments, while PLA components (polylactide, polylactic acid) are only minimally affected.