Modelli per la stampa 3D

Come vengono realizzati i modelli 3D

Chi desidera far realizzare un oggetto mediante stampa 3D deve essere in possesso di un adeguato modello 3D. La progettazione in un programma CAD è una delle possibilità per generare i set di dati necessari. L’utilizzo della maggior parte dei programmi CAD richiede un elevato livello di conoscenze. Per questo motivo, per i principianti, è spesso difficile servirsene direttamente. Per semplificare ai principianti l’accesso al tema dei modelli per la stampa 3D, il team di PROTIQ Marketplace mette a disposizione su queste pagine importanti informazioni relative alla progettazione dei modelli, ai formati dei file e ai template.

Progettazione di modelli per la stampa 3D

Per i principianti in questo campo è preferibile, in fase di scelta di un programma adatto, evitare le funzioni complicate e concentrarsi innanzitutto sul modellamento dell’oggetto 3D. Molti dei programmi più facili da utilizzare per i principianti si basano sull’intuitivo “principio dello scultore”: una semplice forma di base viene modellata in base alle proprie idee aggiungendo, su un altro livello, sempre maggiori dettagli.

Progettazione di modelli per principianti

Uno dei programmi più utilizzati e gratuiti basato su questo metodo è Sculptris. Un’altra soluzione adatta per i primi tentativi di progettazione è TinkerCAD. Si tratta di un programma che permette di comporre oggetti complessi a partire da semplici forme geometriche. Anche Adobe Photoshop, nella versione attuale, dispone di alcune funzioni per il modellamento 3D e di uno strumento interno di riparazione dei file STL.

Programmi CAD professionali

Per poter progettare utensili o prototipi per un utilizzo industriale, sono necessarie numerose funzioni software per la progettazione di oggetti, ad esempio documentazione esauriente, librerie di parti standard o la possibilità di eseguire una simulazione in condizioni realistiche. I programmi CAD professionali quali Creo Parametric, Siemens NX, SolidWorks, AutoCAD o Catia soddisfano questi requisiti e offrono spesso la possibilità di un’espansione delle funzioni in base alle esigenze del singolo utente (ad esempio AutoCAD Mechanical per la realizzazione di macchine e impianti).

Come posso creare un file per la stampa 3D? 

Prima di poter produrre un modello 3D, è necessario verificare la possibilità di stampare il rispettivo file. I modelli non devono presentare fori indesiderati sulla superficie e avere pareti di spessore sufficiente. Lo spessore delle pareti di un modello 3D necessario per ottenere la stabilità desiderata dipende dal materiale utilizzato e dal relativo processo produttivo, oltre che dall’utilizzo previsto.

Template di stampa 3D

Su PROTIQ Marketplace è possibile far stampare anche modelli 3D non prodotti personalmente. Nelle community appositamente fondate per questo scopo o nelle apposite banche dati, gli utenti mettono a disposizione per il download file sia a pagamento che a titolo gratuito con licenza Creative Commons.

Cerca e fai stampare il modello 3D

Le possibilità che l’oggetto che desideri sia già disponibile come modello stampabile sono elevate.

Scansione 3D

La scansione 3D offre un’ulteriore possibilità, come processo di Reverse Engineering, per generare modelli per la stampa 3D. Questo metodo permette di misurare in breve tempo oggetti complessi o di grandi dimensioni, e di elaborare dei set di dati stampabili.

Scansione 3D di oggetti sia sul posto sia come soluzione portatile

Gli scanner 3D sono disponibili in diverse configurazioni tecniche: gli scanner portatili compatti possono essere utilizzati ovunque e sono pertanto particolarmente versatili. Grazie all’ampiezza del campo visivo sono in grado di scannerizzare sia i piccoli oggetti con molti dettagli, che oggetti distanti e di grandi dimensioni. Gli scanner portatili non necessitano di calibratura prima dell’utilizzo e sono pertanto immediatamente pronti all’uso. Gli scanner 3D fissi producono di norma modelli 3D di maggiore qualità e precisione rispetto ai dispositivi portatili, ma sono legati all’utilizzo in un unico luogo, con conseguente limitazione delle possibilità di utilizzo.

Formati file 3D

Per la produzione additiva è sempre necessario un file 3D adatto allo scopo, in cui siano contenute tutte le informazioni relative all’oggetto progettato, quali dimensioni, volume, spessore delle pareti e risoluzione. Il formato file più utilizzato nella stampa 3D è l’STL (Standard Triangulation Language/Standard Tessellation Language). In un file STL è descritta con la massima precisione la forma di un modello 3D con un elevato numero di triangoli. Prima della stampa, il modello 3D viene scomposto in cosiddette “Slice”, vale a dire dei sottili strati, che vengono letti e stampati uno dopo l’altro dalla stampante 3D.

Approfitta della grande flessibilità offerta da PROTIQ Marketplace

I file STL descrivono esclusivamente la geometria di un modello 3D, mentre non contengono alcuna informazione sul colore o sui materiali. Anche adatto a questo scopo è il formato OBJ, che insieme all’STL rappresenta uno dei formati file più comuni nella stampa 3D. Oltre ai formati STL e OBJ, su PROTIQ Marketplace possono essere elaborati svariati altri formati file, ad esempio: 3DM, 3DS, ACIS, VRML, ZPR, PLY, DXF, AMF, Sketch-Up, CATIA V4, CATIA V5, IGES, VDA, ProE, UG/ Parasolid, STEP, ACIS SAT, SolidWorks, JT, VDA, FBX e Collada.

I tuoi file 3D sono già pronti?

In questo caso è sufficiente caricarli. Tutti i file vengono controllati automaticamente e ottimizzati per la stampa.


Hai delle domande?

Saremo lieti di offrirti una consulenza personalizzata per il tuo progetto 3D.

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